Icyitegererezo kirambye cyo kuhira amazi mu Ntara ya Yuanmou
Abstract: Inkingi ya "Trends Topics" kurupapuro rwibanze rwurubuga rwiterambere rwa Aziya ya Banki ishinzwe iterambere muri Aziya yasohoye ikibazo cyumushinga mwiza wo kuhira amazi PPP wabereye i Yuanmou, muri Yunnan, ugamije gusangira uru rubanza nubunararibonye bwimishinga ya PPP y'Ubushinwa. hamwe n'ibindi bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere muri Aziya.
Icyitegererezo kirambye cyo kuhira amazi mu Ntara ya Yuanmou Umushinga w’ubufatanye hagati y’abikorera n’abikorera muri Repubulika y’Ubushinwa wazamuye umusaruro w’abahinzi n’umusaruro wubaka uburyo bunoze bwo kuhira imyaka. Iherereye mu kibaya cyumye-gishyushye cy’umugezi wa Jinshajiang, Intara ya Yuanmou mu ntara ya Yunnan muri Repubulika y’Ubushinwa (PRC) yibasiwe n’ibura ry’amazi rikaba ryaradindije iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bwaho kandi bituma havuka ibikorwa byo kuhira bidashoboka. . Umushinga wa leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo (PPP) wubatse umuyoboro uhuriweho wo gukwirakwiza amazi no gukoresha mu kuhira imyaka mu ntara kandi hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gukora neza.Umushinga wateje imbere umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, uzamura umusaruro w’abahinzi, kandi ugabanya amazi n’igiciro. 2017: Gutangiza umushinga 2018-2038: Igihe cyo gukora Miliyoni 44.37 $ (miliyoni 307.7852): Igiciro cyose cyumushinga Inzego / Abafatanyabikorwa Biro y’amazi yo mu Ntara ya Yuanmou Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa Abahinzi baho nabandi bafatanyabikorwa Umwaka ukenera kuhira muri Yuanmou ni metero kibe miliyoni 92.279 (m³).Nyamara, miliyoni 66.382 gusa m³ y'amazi araboneka buri mwaka.55% gusa kuri hegitari 28,667 z'ubutaka bwo guhingwa mu ntara burahira.Abaturage ba Yuanmou bamaze igihe basaba ibisubizo by'iki kibazo cy’amazi, ariko ubuyobozi bw’ibanze bufite ingengo y’imari n’ubushobozi buke bwo gufata ingamba zo kubungabunga amazi hejuru y’imishinga iteganijwe. Intara ya Yuanmou iherereye mu majyaruguru y’ikibaya cyo hagati cya Yunnan kandi iyobora imijyi itatu n’imijyi irindwi.Igice kinini kinini ni ubuhinzi, kandi hafi 90% by'abaturage ni abahinzi.Intara ikungahaye ku muceri, imboga, imyembe, longan, ikawa, imbuto za tamarind, n'ibindi bihingwa byo mu turere dushyuha no mu turere dushyuha. Muri ako karere hari ibigega bitatu, bishobora kuba isoko y'amazi yo kuhira.Byongeye kandi, buri mwaka umuturage yinjiza amafaranga y’abahinzi baho arenga, 000 8000 ($ 1,153) naho impuzandengo y’umusaruro kuri hegitari irenga, 000 150.000 ($ 21,623).Izi ngingo zituma Yuanmou mubyiza mubukungu byashyirwa mubikorwa umushinga wo kuvugurura amazi muri PPP. Guverinoma ya PRC ishishikariza abikorera kugira uruhare mu ishoramari, kubaka, no gukoresha imishinga yo kubungabunga amazi hifashishijwe icyitegererezo cya PPP kuko ibyo bishobora kugabanya umutwaro w'amafaranga na tekiniki wa guverinoma mu gutanga serivisi nziza kandi ku gihe. Binyuze mu gutanga amasoko, ubuyobozi bwibanze bwa Yuanmou bwahisemo Dayu Irrigation Group Co, LTD.nkumufatanyabikorwa wumushinga wa Biro y’amazi mu kubaka umuyoboro w’amazi wo kuhira imyaka.Dayu izakora iyi sisitemu imyaka 20. Umushinga wubatsemo imiyoboro y'amazi ihuriweho hamwe nibice bikurikira: · Gufata amazi: Ibikoresho bibiri byo gufata ibyiciro byinshi mubigega bibiri. · Gukwirakwiza amazi: Umuyoboro munini wa kilometero 32.33 (km) kugirango wohereze amazi mu bigo bifata hamwe n’imiyoboro 46 yohereza amazi perpendicular yerekeza kumuyoboro munini ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 156.58. · Ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi: Imiyoboro 801-nyamukuru yo gukwirakwiza amazi perpendikulari ku miyoboro y’amazi yohereza amazi ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 266.2, imiyoboro y’amashami 901 yo gukwirakwiza amazi perpendikulari ku miyoboro minini ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 345.33, na 4933 DN50 metero y'amazi meza. · Ubwubatsi bw'imirima: Umuyoboro uhuza imiyoboro y'amashami yo gukwirakwiza amazi, ugizwe n'imiyoboro y'abafasha 4,753 ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 241.73, imiyoboro ya metero miliyoni 65.56, imiyoboro yo kuhira ya metero miliyoni 3.33, hamwe na miliyoni 1.2. · Sisitemu yo kubika amakuru meza yo kubika amazi: Sisitemu yo gukurikirana ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi nogukwirakwiza, sisitemu yo gukurikirana amakuru yubumenyi bw’ikirere n’ubushuhe, kuhira amazi mu buryo bwikora, hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura amakuru. Uyu mushinga wahujije metero y'amazi meza, valve y'amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi, sensor ya simsiz, hamwe nibikoresho byitumanaho bidafite insinga kugirango bikwirakwize amakuru, nko gukoresha amazi y’ibihingwa, umubare w’ifumbire, ingano yica udukoko, ubuhehere bw’ubutaka, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, gukoresha neza imiyoboro n’abandi, Kuri kugenzura.Hashyizweho porogaramu idasanzwe abahinzi bashobora gukuramo no gushyira kuri terefone zabo zigendanwa.Abahinzi barashobora gukoresha iyo porogaramu kwishyura amafaranga y’amazi no gukoresha amazi ava mu kigo gishinzwe kugenzura.Nyuma yo gukusanya amakuru yo gusaba amazi kubahinzi, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura gukora gahunda yo gutanga amazi no kubimenyesha hakoreshejwe ubutumwa bugufi.Noneho, abahinzi barashobora gukoresha terefone zabo zigendanwa kugirango bakoreshe indangagaciro zo kugenzura mu kuhira, ifumbire, no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko.Ubu barashobora kubona amazi kubisabwa no kuzigama amafaranga yumurimo. Usibye kubaka ibikorwa remezo, umushinga wanatangije amakuru- hamwe nuburyo bushingiye ku isoko kugirango sisitemu y’amazi ihuriweho irambye. Itangwa rya mbere ry’uburenganzira bw’amazi: Hashingiwe ku iperereza n’isesengura ryimbitse, guverinoma yerekana igipimo mpuzandengo cyo gukoresha amazi kuri hegitari kandi ishyiraho uburyo bwo gucuruza uburenganzira bw’amazi aho uburenganzira bw’amazi bugurishwa. Igiciro cy’amazi: Guverinoma ishyiraho igiciro cy’amazi, gishobora guhindurwa hashingiwe ku kubara no kugenzura nyuma y’iburanisha mu ruhame Biro y’ibiciro. Uburyo bwo kuzigama amazi no gutera inkunga intego: Guverinoma yashyizeho ikigega cyo kuzigama amazi yo kuzigama amazi kugirango ishishikarize abahinzi no gutera inkunga guhinga umuceri.Hagati aho, gahunda yinyongera yiterambere igomba gukoreshwa mugukoresha amazi arenze. Uruhare rw’abantu benshi: Koperative ikoresha amazi, yateguwe n’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze kandi ifatanije n’ibiro bishinzwe imicungire y’ibigega, abaturage 16 na komite z’imidugudu, ahantu hanini ho kuhira imyaka mu Ntara ya Yuanmou yakiriye abakoresha amazi 13.300 mu karere k’umushinga nk’abanyamuryango ba koperative kandi yakusanyije miliyoni 27.2596 z'amapound (miliyoni 3.9296 $) binyuze mu kwiyandikisha ku migabane yashowe mu kinyabiziga kidasanzwe (SPV), isosiyete y'ishami yashinzwe ku bufatanye na Dayu na guverinoma y’ibanze ya Yuanmou, hamwe n’inyungu zemewe ku gipimo gito cya 4.95%.Ishoramari ry'abahinzi ryorohereza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga kandi risangira inyungu za SPV. Gucunga imishinga no kuyitaho.Umushinga washyize mubikorwa imiyoborere ninzego eshatu.Inkomoko y’amazi ajyanye n’amazi acungwa kandi akabungabungwa n’ibiro bishinzwe ibigega.Imiyoboro yo kohereza amazi nibikoresho byogupima amazi meza kuva aho gufata amazi kugera kuri metero zanyuma zumurima bicungwa kandi bikabungabungwa na SPV.Hagati aho, imiyoboro yo kuhira ibitonyanga nyuma yimetero yanyuma yumurima irubaka kandi igacungwa nabakoresha inyungu.Uburenganzira ku mutungo wumushinga busobanurwa hakurikijwe ihame rya “umuntu atunze ibyo ashora”. Umushinga wateje imbere guhindura gahunda yubuhinzi igezweho ifite akamaro mukuzigama no gukoresha neza amazi, ifumbire, igihe, nakazi;no mu kongera umusaruro w'abahinzi. Hamwe na tekinoroji itonyanga, gukoresha amazi mumirima yimirima byakozwe neza.Ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha amazi kuri hegitari cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 2,700–3,600 m³ kuva kuri 9,000–12,000 m³.Usibye kugabanya akazi k'umuhinzi, gukoresha imiyoboro yo kuhira imyaka mu gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda n'imiti yica udukoko byateje imbere imikoreshereze ya 30%.Ibi byongereye umusaruro w'ubuhinzi 26,6% naho abahinzi binjiza 17.4%. Uyu mushinga kandi wagabanije igiciro cy’amazi kuri hegitari kugera kuri 5.250 ($ 757) kuva kuri 18.870 ($ 2.720).Ibi byashishikarije abahinzi kuva mu bihingwa gakondo by’imbuto bakajya mu bihingwa bifite agaciro kanini nkimbuto z’amashyamba y’ubukungu, nk'imyembe, longan, inzabibu na orange.Ibi byiyongereyeho hegitari kuri hegitari zirenga 75.000 ($ 10.812). Ikinyabiziga kidasanzwe kigamije gushingira ku mazi yishyuwe n'abahinzi, biteganijwe ko kizashora imari mu myaka 5 kugeza kuri 7.Inyungu zayo ku ishoramari ziri hejuru ya 7%. Gukurikirana neza no gutunganya ubuziranenge bw’amazi, ibidukikije, nubutaka byateje imbere umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’icyatsi.Ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda n’imiti yica udukoko ryaragabanutse.Izi ngamba zagabanyije umwanda uturuka ku ngingo kandi bituma ubuhinzi bwaho bwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uruhare rw’amasosiyete yigenga rufasha guhindura uruhare rwa leta kuva "umukinnyi" uhinduka "umusifuzi."Amarushanwa yuzuye ku isoko atuma abanyamwuga bakora ubuhanga bwabo. Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi cyumushinga kiragoye kandi gisaba ubushobozi bukomeye bwubaka imishinga no gukora. Umushinga PPP, ukubiyemo ahantu hanini, usaba ishoramari ryinshi, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge, ntabwo bigabanya gusa igitutu cyamafaranga ya leta yo gushora inshuro imwe, ahubwo inemeza ko kubaka birangiye mugihe kandi bikora neza. Icyitonderwa: ADB yemera "Ubushinwa" nka Repubulika y'Ubushinwa. Ubushinwa Urubuga rwa Leta rwigenga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2022 
